Fast Food and Natural Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cheap Food and Natural Food - Essay Example Here and there handled vegan in bundled structure isn't useful for prosperity as they have numerous unsafe substance which is hard to process. Schlosser accurately finds that corpulence rate is most elevated in USA than some other country among first world. Around 50% of adult Americans and around twenty five percent of American children are in the classification of either fat or overweight. This extent has become quickly in most recent ten years as it is double the stoutness rate in contrast with last piece of 1970s. Steffen(2008) said in Burgers, fries, diet pop: metabolic condition blue-plate extraordinary distributed by American Heart Association quick access diary report , Metabolic disorder is a group of cardiovascular malady and diabetes hazard factors including raised abdomen boundary, hypertension, raised triglycerides, low degrees of high-thickness lipoprotein (HDL or great) cholesterol and high fasting glucose levels. The nearness of at least three of the components builds an individual's danger of creating diabetes and cardiovascular ailment.

Assignment #1: Best Practices

January 4, 2013 BUS 5668: Cases in Applied Project Management Assignment #1: Best Practices From 1940 to introduce, Project Management has persistently progressed from line chiefs utilizing a little arrangement of procedures that were viewed as ideal to have to the proper task of one individual allocated as the Project Manager that used a conventional philosophy by which to deal with the venture. Regularly the term â€Å"best practices† is referenced inside a characterized strategy. For what reason should an association catch best practices? What are the deciding variables in base-coating a best practice? Can an association have too many best practices?What are the effects of setting up too many prescribed procedures that commanded by senior administration for use on all ventures? Give one case of a Project Management best practice. (Video Lecture 2 and autonomous research) What are Best Practices? As indicated by the Business Dictionary, And According to the Business Dictiona ry, â€Å"A Best Practice is a strategy or procedure that has reliably demonstrated outcomes better than those accomplished with different methods, and that is utilized as a benchmark (Business Dictionary). † Organizations that have had consistent achievement have adjusted a special form of the best practice strategy that obliges what they do.Many associations utilize best practices to do the accompanying (however not restricted to): †¢ Develop a comprehension of the important prerequisites †¢ Focusing on the best way to convey the administration/keep on conveying the administration †¢ Improve the impression of the customer(s) †¢ Eliminate inefficient spending/ventures †¢ Increase profitability and worker resolve †¢ Improve Risk Management Using the prescribed procedures recorded above alongside other accepted procedures the association esteem fundamental, associations can make a standard to suit their organizations.A Base-line is characterized a s the present rendition of a task plan that aides venture execution and against which the undertaking chief analyzes genuine task execution. (Portny, el. ) When an association is making or improving a pattern, the association needs to mull over the accompanying: †¢ How will the best practice advantage the association †¢ Who will the best practice have the most effect on (client, association, partners, and so on ) †¢ What is the arrival on speculations for the association by actualizing the best practices.Although best practices is the perfect strategy to utilize while working an association, not utilizing the accepted procedures technique as it is intended to be utilized is similarly as awful as not having a procedure set up to run the association. On numerous occasions, numerous associations lose site of what best practices truly are on the grounds that they set an excessive number of objectives as best practices. Therefore, the association neglects to improve and st ay aware of contenders due to losing sight since they have such a large number of best practices they are attempting to concentrate on. The thought behind the best ractices is to guarantee the association is working on one accord all through the association. By actualizing too many accepted procedures may bring about the disruption inside the association. Everybody would not be on one accord which can prompt miscommunication and each division doing what they see fit. Having too many accepted procedures is similarly as awful as not having any whatsoever. By executing too many prescribed procedures, the association have a higher likelihood to bombing because of no sensible chance of actualizing the entirety of the best practices.And the accepted procedures executed won't be satisfy 100% because of absence of assets since assets are extend far because of the enormous measure of best practices. Additionally, every best practice may not be appropriate for each division inside the associa tion. By actualizing best practices that won't be advantageous to division will turn into a midriff of assets, spending, and accordingly the task has a high likelihood of coming up short. A case of a Project Management best practice would be the usage of ITIL inside the NASA organization.ITIL gives a down to earth, simple structure for distinguishing, arranging, conveying and supporting IT administrations to the business. The NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) is ITIL adjusted. As an individual from the NASA Shared Services Center, I had the chance to chip away at the execution of the Enterprise Service Desk (ESD). The ESD offers 24ãâ€"7 specialized help to the whole NASA Agency. This division was stood up on the premises of offering the best IT support at the most reduced expense. The NSSC has been utilizing this best practice since it’s start-up.I for one accept the ITIL best practice has carried a lot of progress to the NSSC. References: Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State: Publisher. Portny, Stanley E. (2008) Project Management: Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling Projects. New Jersey John wWley and Sons No creator. (n. d. ) Business Dictionary. Recovered on 01/09/2012. Recovered from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/best-practice. html#ixzz2HuDx20hu No creator. (05. 10. 2012) ITIL. Recovered on 01/09/2012. Recovered from http://www. itil-officialsite. com/AboutITIL/WhatisITIL. aspx

Separation Anxiety Disorder and Depression

Separation Anxiety Disorder and Depression Depression Childhood Depression Print Separation Anxiety Disorder and Depression By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Kajetan Kandler/Getty Images Separation anxiety disorder and depression share many symptoms.  As a parent, you are probably familiar with separation anxietyâ€"the feeling an infant experiences when separated from her caregivers, for example. You may be less familiar with separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and its relation to depression. This is not to be confused with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Separation Anxiety vs. Separation Anxiety Disorder Your infant will likely experience some separation anxiety when you or other caregivers are out of sight. This is a normal developmental process and usually begins around eight months and lasts through the childs second year. For an infant, when you are out of sight, you are gone forever. As your infant matures, she will learn through experience that you will return and she will begin to be more comfortable with separations. For some children, however, the thought of you or another caregiver leaving them is so overwhelming that they will do what they can to avoid separation. This is a separation anxiety disorder. In order for it to be diagnosed, symptoms must be severe enough to interfere with a childs daily functioning for at least four weeks. When a child starts to miss out on important things such as school and social activities to avoid a separation, it is considered to be SAD. SAD affects approximately 4% to 5% of children. Research has indicated that a high rate of children who develop SAD later develop a depressive disorder. With such a strong correlation between SAD and depression, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of both disorders and to seek out early treatment for your child. Symptoms of SAD According to Dr. Peter M. Lewinsohn, Ph.D., who published a study of SAD in The Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the underlying fear of a child with SAD is that he or his parent will be harmed, lost or gone forever as a result of the separation. Additional symptoms of SAD may be: Persistent worry about being separated from the parentRefusal to attend school or social events for fear of being separated from the parentWorry about something bad happening to a parent even when they are nearRefusal or hesitation to go to sleep aloneNightmares involving a theme of separationExcessive worry about being kidnapped, lost or kept from the parentComplaints of physical ailments, especially when separated from a parent (a headache, bellyache, generalized pain) How SAD Relates to Depression In Lewinsohns long-term study of children with SAD, he estimated that 75% of children with SAD developed depression by the age of 30. Though research hasnt proven that SAD is the cause of depression in these children, the association between the two is a substantial one. SAD and depression actually share many symptoms. Clinging to a parent, refusing to go to school and avoiding social activities, worrying that harm may come to self or a parent, and vague physical complaints such as a headache, bellyache, and general pain are common symptoms of both disorders. Again, the research findings do not suggest that all children with SAD will experience depression. Nor does it confirm why such a large number of children with SAD go on to develop depression. But given the findings, it is important for parents and clinicians to keep a close eye out for any depressive symptoms in children with SAD. What Parents Can Do Keep an eye out for additional signs of depression in children, including unexplained crying, feeling misunderstood, withdrawing from family or peers, losing interest in things of former interest, sleeping difficulties, appetite and weight changes, difficulty concentrating and making decisions, and thoughts or actions of self-harm. Talk to Your Child   Try talking to your child when they are at an age-appropriate level. Find out what he is scared of and why he doesnt want to leave you. What you hear may surprise you. Your child may have a simple complaint, which you can easily remedy. If it is something more serious (he is worried he will never see you again, for instance), you should consult with your childs physician. A recent tragic event, such as an earthquake or the death of a loved one, may temporarily disrupt your childs sense of security. In this case, providing your child with some extra attention may ease his anxiety. Prepare Your Child Prepare them for an upcoming event or separation. Explaining what will be happening, who will be there, how long he will be away from you and how he can reach you may help him feel more comfortable with separation. If your efforts, support, and compassion do not seem to be helping your child adjust to even short separations, you should consult with your childs physician. If you notice any symptoms of depression in your child, it is important to seek help. Depression is associated with serious short- and long-term consequences such as poor self-esteem, poor academic performance, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts and behavior. A Word From Verywell Remember, your child may go through phases when he is more in need of your attention and love, especially during times of significant stress or tragedy. However, given the high rate of depression in children with SAD, it is best to check with a physician if you have any concerns about your childs behavior.

The Centrality Of Play For A Child s Social Development

The centrality of Play for a child’s social development Play is so important in a child’s development that the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights has recognized it as a right of every child (Parents Magazine, 2015). Play is also important in social development as highlighted in my poster for parents, this rationale of my poster will discuss the key theories, processes and messages that are presented when looking at how play affects social development. Many theorists including Vygotsky, Piaget and Bandura have conducted studies on play and the social development of a child. As Piaget stated play performs a major role in children s expanding mental abilities (Piaget, 1962) this was supported in studies conducted by both Bandura and Vygotsky. Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a supported theory on the difference on what children can achieve independently and what they can achieve or understand with help from a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO), which is someone with better understanding or a higher abi lity than the learner. This can be a teacher or another student in a school setting. Vygotsky developed his theory on social development where his main focus was on a child’s ZPD, he defines the ZPD as ‘the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers’ (Vygotsky,Show MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder : Autism, Asperger Syndrome, And Atypical Autism1499 Words   |  6 PagesAutism spectrum disorder is a spectrum of psychological conditions which all consist of problems pertaining to social interactions, communication, and highly repetitive behavior. There are three main forms of Autism spectrum disorder: Autism, Asperger syndrome, and Atypical Autism. Autism is a developmental disability which results from a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, Amaral, 2013). It first appears during the stages of inf ancy toRead MoreIntroduction. Social Issues In Mahesh DattaniS Plays .1625 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Social issues in Mahesh Dattani s plays The plays of Mahesh Dattani climbed as new presentation in the scope of Indian English sensation in the latest decade of the twentieth century. His plays administer contemporary issues.They re plays of today as a not as much as reliable govern as authentic concerning cause go head to head in regards to, yet in the interim they are plays which typify different from the monstrous worries of world drama.Dattani plays have a no matter how youRead MoreBlack American Youth And Racial Identity2929 Words   |  12 Pagesour own worldview and consider it from another’s perspective. . Seaton, E. K., Upton, R., Gilbert, A., Volpe, V. (2014) A moderated mediation model: Racial discrimination, coping strategies, and racial identity among black adolescents. Child Development, vol. 85(3), 882-890. The purpose of the current study was to examine â€Å"whether racial discrimination and any of the coping strategies were related to depressive symptoms† (Seaton, et al., 2014, p. 885) in Black American youth. The authors mentionRead MoreMotivation : Motivation For College Students1688 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. (Cherry, 2016) Motivation plays the role in everyday lives. Ones motivation to do something differs from ones feels and the type of motivation towards the action that is being done. By studying motivation, we learn what gives our behavior its purpose, direction and sustainabilityRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pagesmotivates employees in the work place what must first be considered is what motivation actually is. On ce this is understood then employers can look at where money comes into to play and how or whether it may be used as a tool in motivating employees. So what is motivation? Motivation consists of the â€Å"biological, emotional, social and cotgnitive forces† Cherry, K, (2016) Motivation: Psychological Factors That Guide Behaviour. Very Well. 16 June. Available Online: [https://www.verywell.com/what-is-motivation-2795378]Read MoreThe Role Of Gender And Gender Roles Essay2120 Words   |  9 PagesPROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Gender continues to play an important role in education.The education of women was discouraged for a long time throughout the world.They are subject to severe forms of discrimination in the provision of educational facilities.Similarly being a female in India and the gender roles associated with it can act as a hindrance to her education.(Kaur,2013). Nationally, about three out of four children aged 6–17 years attend school. But school attendance is significantly higherRead MoreSocial And Behavioral Science Of Racism2059 Words   |  9 PagesRacism is treatment or consideration by making the favor for or against an individual, or on basing of a group, class or category that the person seems to belong to rather than one s merit. It includes treatments of a group or an individual on the basis of their actual or rather perceived membership in a certain social category. It involves an interaction by a group’s interaction in influencing an individual’s behavior towards a particular group that then restricts members of a group from privilegesRead MoreGuiding Principles to Early Childhood Curriculum Using Examples From four Countries1810 Words   |  8 PagesGuiding Principles To Early Childhood Curriculum Using Examples From Four Countries Early childhood education has been recgonised as important in laying foundation for the future of a child. Early childhood education is important in its own right - a time when children investigate, explore and discover a great deal about the world around them and establish attitudes to learning that remain with them throughout their lives (Wilks et al., 2008). It is therefore imperative to imbibe a framework ofRead MoreExploring The Personality Traits Of People Who Have Materialistic Values And Goals8413 Words   |  34 Pagesacademics and learning, adults in the workplace, and includes social skills, social responsibility, social relatedness. The quality of life includes happiness, health, social skills, social responsibility, and social relatedness. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines consumerism as an inclination towards buying consumer goods (CITE). Materialism is defined as having materialistic values, which is how important having and buying items are to a person?s life, h ow much people believe buying items can bringRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Psychosocial Development2308 Words   |  10 Pagespsychosexual and psychosocial development; for my model of presentation. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital – is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced sexual

The Constitution Of The United States - 1666 Words

The Constitution of the United States is actually an illusion for elites to take advantage and dominate the country’s way of politics. When the Framers organized the United States Constitution, they were intended to create a stabilized system of government in a manner that was still accountable yet powerful. Keep in mind that the founding fathers mostly consisted of white men who wanted to protect their property. The establishment of the separation of powers and checks and balances, for example, served a purpose to make sure that not one branch was too overpowering and that each branch had certain limits and powers over another. However, the intended purpose of these systems continue to serve most of its general purpose in our current†¦show more content†¦Many people already don’t have a strong relationship as of today with the government. Over the span of the time, trust in government in 1960 was a little over 70 percent, then eventually it plummeted down fluc tuating over the years to about 19 percent as of 2015. The main idea here is that there is truly distrust going on within the system of our government which means that many of us Americans today already can sense that the people don’t have that much power over the government as opposed to elitists. Checks and balances are effective in a way that allows each branch to limit each other’s power in order to prevent one from overpowering the other. Within this system, the electoral college was formed in order to allow equal representation in smaller states as well as preventing a tyrant from becoming president by accumulating power in numbers—which was what the founding fathers of the Constitution feared. But, is it really necessary? Does it really keep a close relationship between the people and the government? What it seems like here is that the use of the electoral college is creating distrust, allowing the elites in the system to dominate the system. When people think of the way government works, they view it as a share of powers between the people and government where both sides get to voice their own opinion. However, that’s not the caseShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Lincoln An American Historical Drama Film by Steven...

Lincoln is a 2012 American historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. The film is based in part on Doris Kearns Goodwins biography of Lincoln, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, and covers the final four months of Lincolns life, focusing on the Presidents efforts in January 1865 to have the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed by the United States House of Representatives. Lincoln begins a year before the end of the civil war with the movies only battle scene. Its a minute of the bloody, hand-to-hand combat at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas. Then two black soldiers†¦show more content†¦From personal experience, President Lincoln is thought of as one of the most influential and best president throughout history. Abolishing slavery really put the nation on its path to unity and the superpower it is today. Even though throughout history after that historical event there has been several steps taken to further his actions to make black and whites and equal part of society, abolishing slavery was the largest and most influential step. After watching this film, it became evident that President Lincoln was an extremely well respected man and made the hard decisions that he knew wouldn’t be popular at the time because of how the country was structured. The film illustrated that Lincoln was wise beyond his years and knew that his decisions would impact the nation in a positive manner for the rest of time. President Lincoln’s leadership skills were evident and were the major theme in the film. From the beginning of the movie, from his wife to his cabinet members, everyone was trying to convince him that getting rid of slavery wasn’t going to happen and he will lose the approval of his country by pushing the issue. Slavery in the United States was a way of life up to that poi nt. Blacks were not considered equal and were looked at more as property than people. From the first President until Lincoln’s time everyone including the past presidents hadShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Lincoln 962 Words   |  4 Pages Actually, Steven Spielberg’s film named â€Å"Lincoln† starts during the time of the Civil War, when President Abraham Lincoln was requiring this war’s end. From the initial scene the cruelty of the war is clearly shown, mostly against African American soldiers. In fact, racial discrimination was a significant problem at that time and that was one of the biggest struggles of Abraham Lincoln, as he attempted to maintain the whole nation as one union. The film describes the situation occurred in the 1860sRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1230 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1828 Abe was 19. He poled a flatboat down a river he saw African Americans being sold. Abe didn’t like it at all. Abe settled at New Sale m Illinois. He was hired to run a general store. Abe was so honest if he accidentally over charged someone very little money he would run miles to give it back. One time the store owner set up a wrestling match. Against the leader of rowdy gang, jack Armstrong. Abe agreed to wrestle were not sure if he won or not a lot of people had different opinions. Jack and

Occupational Therapy Essay Example For Students

Occupational Therapy Essay We are a group of occupational therapists and a new client has come to our office with the following case history:Don is a 63 year-old amateur poet. He has several of his poems published in the local newspaper but has not yet been accepted by any literary journals. Three months ago, Don had a cerebellar cerebrovascular accident that has given him significant fine motor control limitations. He is not able to hold a pencil or a pen, and when one is taped in his hand, he can not produce recognizable printing. He is able to reach a range of nearly 5 feet from side to side but cannot pick up a 1-inch cube from the table. When asked to use a keyboard, he is as likely to strike two keys away from the target as the key he is aiming for. He is able to put his finger reliably into a square that is 2 inches on a side wherever it is located within his reach. He is not able to accurately place his finger into a square that is 1.5 inches on a side, however, unless it is located directly in front o f him (Anson, 1997, p. 104). Don is frustrated by his condition and needs some assistance to continue his writing. We used the decision tree to evaluate which computer adaptation would be best for Don. We determined that Don has physical limitations to the computer but has full range of the keyboard. Due to his trouble targeting specific keys, it would be increasingly difficult to simultaneously press more than one key at once. The client has frequent accidental keystrokes because of the size of the small keys. His inability to strike a single key on demand led us to expanded range of motion. Having assessed that Don could strike larger keys accurately; we reached the alternative of expanded keyboards. Upon researching expanded keyboards, we found a great variety in what each keyboard offered. The 32 key layout with 2.5- inch keys did not provide an adequate selection for Don’s writing needs. Most of the standard expanded keyboards with 128 keys only have 1.5-inch keys. Some examples are Key Largo and Uni corn Expanded keyboards. Key Largo is an expanded keyboard, which works through Discover KENX. It is useful for one with coordination problems. Unicorn Expanded keyboard established the standard 128 key expanded keyboard design. We had the opportunity (in A.T. lab) to try and compare the different expanded keyboards. We appreciated that a client with difficulty reaching small keys would find these keyboards more beneficial. All keyboards require an encoder, which interprets the key. When pressed it converts it to a keyboard code, that the computer could understand. Some computers come with a built in encoder and some without. These keyboards with encoders can be connected directly to the keyboard port of the computer. Therefore no internal adaptation is needed for the computer and it doesn’t interfere with any software in the computer. This is beneficial because it can be used with any operating system and software the client may need. A disadvantage to this is that the keyboard codes are not readily adaptable. This means that the keyboard layout is fixed and can’t be changed by the clinician. Another consideration is that this keyboard can not be connected simultaneously with the standard keyboard. Since plugging and unplugging the keyboard is not recommended, this option is better suited for a client who would be the sole user of the computer. Expanded keyboards that do not have the buil t in encoder, require an external device that would interpret the codes to the computer. Although this keyboard has the disadvantage of an external device, it offers flexibility in the keyboard layout and allows for various overlays that change the layout. An example of the latter is the Key Largo keyboard mentioned above. The problem with 1.5-inch keys is the client’s inability to accurately reach a key of that size unless the keyboard is positioned right in front of him. An option would be to position the client in front of the computer with the keyboard mounted close enough for him to access. Although this alternative was a possibility we preferred to find a keyboard with 2- inch keys. After researching this alternative on the internet, we found a product that matched Don’s needs more efficiently. The name of the product is Expanded Keyboard for Apple II+ and IIE. This keyboard operates as a standard keyboard with the choice of 1.5 or 2-inch keys. With continued res earch, this was the only product with a two-inch key option. This is a perfect size key for Don’s needs. This keyboard can be connected at the same time as a standard keyboard. This would allow other family members to use the computer without having to constantly connect and disconnect his keyboard. Sticky key option is included in this keyboard. The flat surface of the keyboard will allow the use of overlays. In addition this keyboard allows all the same functions as a standard keyboard. This is an important fact considering Don’s interest in writing. The dimensions of the keyboard are 14 by 32 by 1, with the weight of six pounds. The pricing range is listed as 750 to 875 dollars. The manufacturer for this product is EKEG Electronics Co Ltd. An additional way to address Don’s problem of accidentally striking untargeted keys is the option of delayed acceptance. With delayed acceptance the key must be pressed for a certain amount of time before it produces any ou tput. This prevents haphazard striking from having an effect, and error can be avoided. You can modify the amount of time delay. We would suggest starting at a minimal level of delay until the optimal level of performance is achieved. A possible disadvantage to delayed acceptance, is that it delays the reaction time of each key pressed thereby slowing down the typing speed. Typing speed is a significant factor to consider with Don, since his purpose for therapy was to increase his typing abilities. However, if the disruption of constantly correcting mistakes due to accidental keystrokes is great, the overall typing speed may increase by preventing errors before they occur. This may be the case with Don and therefore we would recommend this option. Furthermore, most delayed acceptance adaptations are software; making it inexpensive, easily operated and deactivated. Delayed acceptance, under the name â€Å"slow keys†, comes included in Macintosh and Windows 95. .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .postImageUrl , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:hover , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:visited , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:active { border:0!important; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:active , .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480 .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5e34d4885d5a8a23b25eb0643270480:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet – Comment On Humanity Analysis EssaySticky keys is another option which addresses the problem of simultaneously pressing two keys. For example pressing shift, releasing it and then pressing another key would have the same effect as pressing both keys together. Another technology we considered is word prediction. As the client begins typing, with each letter the word predictor presents a list of words that start with the letters he has typed. When the client spots his intended word, he clicks on it and it will appear on his document. With each new letter the client types, new words are displayed until the word appears on the list or is completed by the client. While the purpose of word prediction is to increase typing speed, it usually does the opposite. In addition many clients find it irritating to constantly have to glance at the prediction list and look away from where their attention is focused. For these very reasons we would not suggest this adaptation for our client. Unless he fatigues, in which case this option may increase productivity. Abbreviation expansion is an assistive technology device, which aids in increasing typing speed. It allows the user to assign an abbreviation to a longer phrase. When the user types the abbreviation, the phrase appears on the screen. One can create their own abbreviations, based on frequent words or phrases that they use. This would be very useful for Don. He could customize the abbreviations according to his writing style. Abbreviations are only recognized when spaced by themselves, and not when they are found in the middle of a word. In order to benefit from this, the user must have cognitive capabilities, as is the case with Don. Another option considered for Don is Morse code. Morse code uses a combination of dots and dashes as a code for alphabet and punctuation. Simply using one switch or two switches, the user is able to fully communicate with minimal motor function. A purpose for using two switches rather than one is to separate the two signals in case the client has trouble releasing the switch at the appropriate time. (To separate dots and dashes). Using large jellybean switches will make it easier for Don to press. The cost of Morse code ranges up to 800 dollars (DADA Entry). One advantage of morse code is speed. For a person with motor difficulties this system provides an optimal speed. Another advantage is that the Morse code can become automatic with increased usage. A disadvantage to Morse code is that it has to be learned and the user has to be trained. Someone with learning problems may have difficulty. Being that our client has motor problems and not lear ning, this will not be a problem. The speed of typing is essential for his occupation and training may be a worthwhile investment. In conclusion, After comparing and considering our two options of expanded keyboard versus Morse code, we concluded that an expanded keyboard would be the best access method for Don. Since the expanded keyboard (Apple II+ and IIE) addresses Don’s limitations we did not find it necessary to go through the required training for Morse code. However if expanded keyboard did not work, Morse code could be used. We searched many websites and journals for a published reference on expanded keyboards, but to no avail. We did, however, find an article on Morse code and its prevalence in assistive technology today. Health Care and Beauty Essays